Estrategias de Opción Generalmente, una Estrategia de Opción implica la compra y / o venta simultánea de diferentes contratos de opción, también conocidos como Combinación de Opciones. Digo en general porque hay una gran variedad de estrategias de opción que utilizan múltiples patas como su estructura, sin embargo, incluso una opción de larga duración de una pierna se puede ver como una estrategia de opción. Bajo el enlace Options101, es posible que haya notado que los ejemplos de opciones proporcionados sólo han considerado la posibilidad de tomar una opción de comercio a la vez. Es decir, si un comerciante pensaba que el precio de las acciones de Coca Cola iba a aumentar durante el próximo mes, una forma sencilla de beneficiarse de este movimiento mientras limitaba su riesgo es comprar una opción de compra. Por supuesto, también podría vender una opción de venta. ¿Pero qué si él / ella compró una llamada y una opción de venta al mismo precio de ejercicio en el mismo mes de vencimiento ¿Cómo podría un comerciante beneficiarse de tal escenario Vamos a echar un vistazo a esta combinación de opciones En este ejemplo, imagine que compró (largo ) 1 65 opción de compra de julio y también compró 1 opción de venta de julio de 65. Con la negociación subyacente en 65, la llamada cuesta 2,88 y el poner los costos de 2,88 también. Ahora, cuando usted es el comprador de la opción (o va largo) no puede perder más que su inversión inicial. Por lo tanto, usted ha superado un total de 5,76, que es la pérdida máxima si todo va mal. Pero lo que sucede si el mercado rallyes La opción de venta se convierte en menos valioso como el mercado se negocia más alto, ya que compró una opción que le da el derecho a vender el activo - es decir, para un largo poner quiere el mercado para bajar. Usted puede mirar un diagrama puesto largo aquí. Sin embargo, la opción de la llamada llega a ser infinitamente valiosa mientras que el mercado negocia más arriba. Por lo tanto, después de romper con su punto de equilibrio, su posición tiene un potencial de beneficio ilimitado. La misma situación ocurre si el mercado se vende. La llamada se vuelve inútil, ya que las operaciones por debajo de 67,88 (huelga de 65 menos lo que pagó por ella - 2,88), sin embargo, la opción de venta se vuelve cada vez más rentable. Si el mercado cierra 10, y al vencimiento, cierra a 58.50, entonces su posición de opción vale 0.74. Se pierde el valor total de la llamada, que cuesta 2,88, sin embargo, la opción de venta ha expirado en el dinero y vale 6,5. Reste de esto a la cantidad total pagada por la posición, 5.76 y ahora la posición vale 0.74. Esto significa que ejercerá su derecho y tomará posesión del activo subyacente al precio de ejercicio. Esto significa que efectivamente será corto las acciones subyacentes en 65. Con el precio actual en el mercado de comercio a 58,50, puede comprar de nuevo las acciones y hacer un 6,50 por acción instantánea para un beneficio neto total de 0,74 por acción. Eso puede no sonar como mucho, pero considere cuál es su retorno de la inversión. Usted outlaid un total de 5,76 y 0,74 en un período de dos meses. Eso es un retorno de 12.85 en un período de dos meses con un riesgo máximo conocido y un potencial de beneficio ilimitado. Este es sólo un ejemplo de una combinación de opciones. Hay muchas maneras diferentes de combinar los contratos de opción, y también con el activo subyacente, para personalizar su perfil de riesgo / recompensa. Probablemente ya se ha dado cuenta de que las opciones de compra y venta requieren algo más que una simple visión de la dirección del mercado del activo subyacente. También necesita entender y tomar una decisión sobre lo que piensa que sucederá con la volatilidad del activo subyacente. O lo que es más importante, lo que sucederá con la volatilidad implícita de las opciones en sí. Si el precio de mercado de un contrato de opción implica que es 50 más caro que los precios históricos para las mismas características, entonces usted puede decidir contra la compra en esta opción y por lo tanto hacer un movimiento para vender en su lugar. Pero, ¿cómo puede saber si una volatilidad implícita de las opciones es históricamente alta? Bueno, la única herramienta que conozco de que hace esto bien es el Analizador Volcone. Analiza cualquier contrato de opción y lo compara con los promedios históricos, a la vez que proporciona una representación gráfica de los movimientos de precios a través del tiempo - conocer como el Cono de Volatilidad. Una gran herramienta a utilizar para las comparaciones de precios. De todos modos, para obtener más ideas sobre las combinaciones de opciones, eche un vistazo a la lista a la izquierda y ver qué estrategia es adecuada para usted. Comentarios (99) Peter 18 de noviembre 2015 a las 3:59 pm Hola Renee, sí que ya se han añadido como largo o corto, es decir, largo Straddle y Strangle largo. ¿Cuáles son las estrategias en la negociación de opciones de abejas? ¿Cuáles son las estrategias en la opción de comercio de abejas? Si realmente he corto un stock Y ahora está negociando más alto, hay alguna estrategia de reparación de opción que puedo utilizar para limitar mi pérdida La mayoría de la estrategia de reparación de opción sólo da ejemplo comenzando con una posición larga en una acción. Peter 3 de diciembre 2013 a las 2:52 am Aplogogies para la respuesta retrasada El punto ATM será al precio, que será ligeramente superior al precio de las acciones en función de la tasa de interés. Si las tasas de interés son cero, entonces el precio del ATM será el precio de las acciones. No estoy realmente seguro de cuál es la mejor volatilidad para usar en realidad es. Algunos prefieren atenerse a una tasa de un año, mientras que otros utilizarán un nivel histórico apropiado para la expiración de las opciones. ¿Cuál es el sitio web que está buscando para los vols Terry B 25 de noviembre 2013 a las 5:21 pm Hola, acaba de descargar su spreadhseet. Cosas geniales. Estoy, principalmente interesado en los deltas para mi uso particular. A) Para el precio de la acción de modelo por defecto de 25. Noté que el en las llamadas de dinero estaba en .52 y el en el dinero pone estaba en -.48 No debería el. calls estar en .50 y el pone en -.50 Además, me encontré con un sitio que post s volatilidades históricas de una acción. 1mo, 2mo, 3mo, 6mo, 1a, 2a y 3a. Cuál sería el mejor para enchufar a su hoja de balance para calcular el delta s más exacto. El plazo más corto 1mo gracias. Gran hoja de cálculo Jayant 15 de octubre 2013 a las 12:23 am Estimado administrador puede u me sugieren cualquier nueva estrategia, excepto estas estrategias .. quiero una nueva estrategia, m bien conocido todas estas estrategias porque m el entrenador de las opciones de mercado en kolkata y m también certificados Con NSE. Peter 26 de agosto 2013 a las 6:18 pm Es el P teórico calculado con 60 días de vencimiento. Steve 26 de agosto 2013 a las 7:33 am ¿Qué es exactamente la línea rosa en los diagramas Parece ser un promedio en el tiempo, pero no puedo encontrar una definición en cualquier lugar. Alvaro frances 15 de abril 2012 a las 5:03 am Amit Bhutani hola, por favor, puede explicar las estrategias que la ortografía el 17 de marzo de 2012 el día que describo a continuación, gracias 1) Long Combo Nifty Short 2) Combo corto largo Nifty 2) Combo Nifty Long 3) Ratio de Put / Call spreed 3) Ratio de Put / Call spreed 4) Coloque el oso spreed / Spreed Bull de llamadas. 4) Ponga el oso spreed / Call Bull Spreed. Peter 27 de marzo 2012 a las 5:05 pm Derecha - el libro de OptionTradingWork es actualmente onlt Negro y Scholes. Para las opciones americanas puede utilizar el modelo binomial: hay una hoja de cálculo en la página Binomial. James 27 de marzo 2012 a las 7:02 am Hola estoy hablando de opciones americanas en el mini contrato de ES, por ejemplo, ESU2C 1350 Índice ¿Este pricer trabajo para las opciones americanas, o es sólo para europeos Cualquier oportunidad de obtener una opciones americanas habilitado uno: -))))) Peter 26 de marzo 2012 a las 7:47 pm Puede escribir una llamada / puesta sobre la base de a) la creación de una posición desnuda porque usted es alcista / bajista en el subyacente b) como parte de una combinación como Una llamada cubierta, que se utiliza principalmente para obtener ingresos adicionales en una posición de stock existente. Amit S Bhuptani 17 de marzo 2012 a 1:12 pm La mejor estrategia que he encontrado. 1) Combo largo Comodón Nifty corto 2) Combo corto Nifty Long 3) Ponga / la relación de la llamada spreed 4) Ponga el oso Spreed / Llamar Bull Spreed. Saludos Amit S Bhuptani. PMS ICICI Sec Ltd. Rakesh 17 de marzo 2012 a las 10:38 am Yo quería saber lo básico que tengo que tener en cuenta antes de operar en Cuando tenemos que escribir un CALL / PUT Peter 26 de febrero 2012 a las 4:44 pm Mmm, Que dicen que su mejor apuesta sería invertir en un programa como MultiCharts. MultiCharts puede cartografiar, escanear y auto-negociar acciones a través de muchos corredores diferentes. Además, proporciona un lenguaje de scripting fácil de usar que le permite diseñar y probar ideas comerciales antes de arriesgar dinero real. Lo tengo y lo amo Rakesh 26 de febrero 2012 a las 11:36 am Qué cosas tengo que tener en cuenta antes de entrar en el comercio intradía en STOCKS También quería saber el procedimiento de elegir el derecho de acciones en el comercio intradía Peter 23 de febrero 2012 A las 5:17 pm Depende de lo que usted define como la huelga ATM. Si usted simplemente dice que la huelga ATM es la huelga más cercana al precio de la acción, entonces sí la llamada normalmente tendrá una prima más alta que la puesta. Sin embargo, la huelga ATM debe ser impulsado por el de la población. Como los contratos de opción tienen el derecho de ejercer en un futuro, su valor se basa primero en el precio futuro de la acción, que es el precio de la acción más el costo de mantener el stock (costo de carry o tasas de interés) menos cualquier Dividendos recibidos durante ese período. Al aplicar las tasas de interés y los dividendos al precio actual de las acciones, calculará un precio diferente al de la acción y éste es el verdadero precio de la ATM. Para los comerciantes al por menor que son simplemente ojo balling la pantalla de opción para ver dónde está el cajero automático, sólo con el precio de las acciones es lo suficientemente bueno, es por eso que he notado que las primas de llamada son más altos que el pone como el verdadero precio a futuro es realmente mayor Que el precio de las acciones. Call, put y los precios de las acciones de la misma huelga están todos relacionados y no puede violar la paridad de llamada puesta. Eche un vistazo a ese enlace para leer más y hágamelo saber si he perdido algo o si tiene alguna pregunta. Joel H. 23 de febrero 2012 a las 8:58 am Acabo de terminar de leer un libro sobre las opciones y uno de los puntos de discusión fue que una llamada ATM siempre tendrá una prima más alta que un puesto en la misma huelga. Si encuentro un put que tiene una prima más alta entonces una llamada en el mismo precio de la huelga, es esto inusual ¿Hay una manera de aprovecharse de tal situación ¿Es justo asumir que esto es una situación temporal Gracias de antemano. Si la opción está fuera del dinero, entonces, sí, comenzará a perder valor muy rápidamente a medida que se acerca la expiración. Si usted es feliz con cualquier beneficio que usted ha hecho ya entonces usted debe salir mientras que usted puede. Ash 23 de febrero 2012 a las 1:39 Hola Peter, Tengo una pregunta sobre cuándo cerrar mi posición en una opción de llamada. Tengo actualmente una opción de la llamada de abril y quise saber si hay cualesquiera mejores prácticas alrededor cuando al cierre de su posición si usted no está planeando en la compra de la acción en la expiración. Estoy preguntando esto porque con el paso del tiempo el precio de las opciones van abajo. Es finales de febrero ahora y mis opciones expiran en abril. Su opinión es apreciada. Si desea un riesgo limitado y un potencial de beneficio ilimitado, entonces es mejor mirar a posiciones como llamada larga. Puesto largo Larga distancia Largo estrangulamiento, etc - estas son las estrategias en las que son netas largas opciones. Rakesh 19 de febrero 2012 a las 8:59 am ¿Puede alguien decirme las statergies que necesito tener en cuenta antes de operar en Así que el porcentaje de riesgo es nominal y la probalidad de la ganancia es alta. Esta estrategia se llama una tripa corto y es similar a un estrangulamiento corto a menos que usted está cortocircuito un put con un precio de huelga más alto, donde un estrangulador vende el put con un precio de huelga más bajo. El cálculo de pago es un poco diferente también: con un estrangulamiento corto el máximo beneficio alcanzable es la prima recibida. Pero con una coraza corta el beneficio máximo es la prima neta recibida menos la diferencia entre las dos huelgas, así que en este caso 5 (multiplicado por cualquier multiplicador que el índice lleve). ¿Puedo preguntar por qué elegiría este enfoque en lugar de vender la llamada 1100 y el 1050 poner Peter 12 de febrero 2012 a las 3:48 pm ¿Quiere decir la venta de una llamada y un conjunto en el mismo precio de 130 huelga, es decir, un straddle corto Si es así, Y la prima combinada para este comercio fue de 10, con el subyacente ahora en 150, luego Prima neta recibida: 10 Short Poner: inútil Llamada corta: -2.000 Total: -1,990 Con el stock a 150 se deja con -1990. Eh 11 de febrero 2012 a las 3:48 am Corto 1 lote, precio de ejercicio 1050, índice CALL a 25 y corto 1 lote, precio de ejercicio 1100, índice PUT a 30 ¿Cuál es el riesgo en esta estrategia? INDEX precio al contado en el día de vencimiento. Varun 10 de febrero 2012 a las 1:22 am Soy nuevo en esto y este sitio ha sido de gran ayuda, quería aclarar una cosa. Teniendo en cuenta que soy alcista en el mercado y me gustaría sacar provecho de ella Vendo una llamada de venta de una acción X con un precio de ejercicio de 100 el stock se cotiza en 130 y asumo que terminará cerca de 150 Voy a vender Este poner precio de la llamada del precio de la huelga precio esperado en la expiración así que la persona a quien estoy vendiendo no excecising su opción y yo sería capaz de hacer el dinero. Por favor, aclare si esto es posible o no danielyee 22 de diciembre 2011 a las 7:08 am Si compro una llamada, por ejemplo, el precio de 50 si el comienzo del mercado a las 9.30, entonces de repente caer es esto significa todo mi dinero ido Peter 21 de diciembre 2011 a las 3: 52pm Usted debe poder ver el último precio - incluso si el mercado está cerrado. Danielyee 21 de diciembre 2011 a las 4:38 am Gracias y cuando hago clic por ejemplo AAPL por valor del contrato N / A ¿Esto significa que tengo que esperar hasta que el mercado se abra para ver el precio Peter 20 de diciembre 2011 a las 5:05 pm Usted puede echar un vistazo A los precios de opción en Yahoo. Danielyee 20 de diciembre 2011 a las 5:15 am Soy un nuevo tipo aquí. Puede usted enseñarme donde puedo ver si quiero comprar por ejemplo la opción de negociación de AAPL por contrato cuánto Gracias. Peter 18 de diciembre 2011 a las 3:52 pm Jorge 16 de diciembre 2011 a las 4:35 pm ¿Qué pasa si vendo 5000K puesto en el día de vencimiento del contrato y la acción no se mueve significativamente en valor para ejercer el contrato para quien lo compró . ¿Puedo mantener la comisión de Peter September 29th, 2011 a las 12:15 am Usted no podrá rodar al mismo precio - si desea mantener una posición en el mismo precio de ejercicio, tendrá que vender (comprar) Fuera del contrato del mes delantero y compra (venta) en el mes posterior a los precios de mercado actuales. Ankur 29 de septiembre 2011 a las 12:00 am Gracias Peter. Además, si necesito cambiar mi posición al mes que viene, entonces necesito pagar alguna prima extra o puedo cambiar el rollover al mismo precio Gracias Peter 28 de septiembre 2011 a las 6:04 pm Sí, exactamente. Usted cerraría su posición para una ganancia sin tener que esperar hasta la expiración para ejercitar la opción. Ankur 28 de septiembre 2011 a las 8:00 am Muy buena información sobre Opciones. Tengo una pregunta - Supongo que comprar una opción de llamada 5000 para Rs 30, mientras que el índice está en 4950. Dentro de 2 horas, el índice se mueve a 4990 y la prima de la opción es Rs 35. ¿Puedo vender el contrato ahora y ganar Rs 5 por lote Como el beneficio, aunque el índice no llegó a 5000 Gracias Peter 18 de septiembre 2011 a las 11:37 pm Libre de riesgo Yo también, por favor avíseme cuando encuentre estas estrategias -) aparna 18 de septiembre 2011 a las 11:34 pm Quiero aprender el riesgo Libre de opciones en el mercado indio. Sugíeme un sitio web para ello. NAGESH 4 de septiembre 2011 a las 11:30 am La primera vez que encontré más información sobre las opciones. Muchas gracias. Peter 3 de agosto 2011 a las 5:55 pm Tanto los futuros y las acciones tienen un delta de 1 por lo que la cobertura con un futuro es muy similar a la cobertura con una acción. Raj baghel 03 de agosto 2011 a las 1:08 am hay alguna ayuda para la cobertura en el futuro con respecto a la llamada / puesta. Peter 01 de agosto 2011 a las 5:48 pm Por favor, consulte la página en el dinero. Arul 01 de agosto 2011 a las 7:02 am lo que está en la llamada de dinero poner Peter 12 de mayo 2011 a las 11:05 h Hi spinnerrobert, sí, puede salir de una opción de posición en cualquier momento antes de la fecha expiraton. Peter 12 de mayo 2011 a las 11:04 pm Hola Azaragoza, puede consultar mi hoja de cálculo de precios de opción para la fórmula. Spinnerrobert 12 de mayo 2011 a las 8:29 pm Mi qestion es dejar decir que tengo akam y comprar la opción de poner o llamar. Quiero venderlo justo después de comprar el contrato deje que diga dentro de una hora. ¿Es que permitir azaragoza 05 de mayo 2011 a las 3:15 pm ¿cuál es la fórmula que utiliza para optar por las cartas PnL, ¿tiene un ejemplo Peter 28 de febrero 2011 a las 3:05 am Hola Jai, realmente depende de qué mercado que está buscando En y lo que su opinión es de este mercado, es decir, es tendencia hacia arriba, hay mucha volatilidad, etc Que es grande acerca de las opciones - las estrategias varían de acuerdo a muchos factores. Jai 24 de febrero 2011 a las 11:14 pm ¿Podría decir cuáles son las mejores statergies disponibles en el mercado de opciones ahora S. Vivek 7 de febrero 2011 a las 4:48 am puede decirme corto de opciones y cómo funciona UOG 13 de diciembre 2010 At 1:26 pm Hola, creo que tu blog es épico. Felicidades. Peter 7 de diciembre 2010 a las 1:25 am Usted d necesidad de comprobar con su si pueden proporcionar este servicio. Sé que Interactive Brokers proporciona una API para conectar los sistemas externos a los que opera a través de Internet. Si uno está utilizando sistemas computacionales como una ayuda a la toma de decisiones, entonces hay una fuente para recibir streaming de precios en tiempo real a través de Internet de una manera que podría ser fácilmente integrado en un sistema Gracias, Peter 31 de octubre 2010 a las 3:53 am Premium es el precio de la opción, ya que se negocia en el mercado. Comisiones (aka corretaje) son lo que usted paga a su corredor para la ejecución de su comercio. 1. Usted perdería la prima más cualquier comisión pagada al corredor, por lo que 32.95 2. Depende de donde la acción es en relación con el precio de ejercicio. Si estuviera muy seguro de que la acción no estará por encima del precio de la huelga en la fecha de vencimiento, entonces vendría la opción de nuevo a cualquier precio que podría obtener y la pérdida sería 32,95 menos (precio vendido por 2,95). 3. Sólo perderá la prima pagada (más comisiones), es decir, 32.95. Espero que esto ayude. Avísame si algo no está claro. Anonymous 29 de octubre 2010 a las 10:16 pm Estoy usando Thinkorswim. 3. ¿Cuál es el costo de ambos 3. Si el precio de ejercicio expiró el 31 de octubre de 2010 es 130, lo que sucederá si no hago nada y dejarlo expirar Peter 21 de octubre 2010 a las 4:21 am Depende del país y Lo que su principal forma de ingresos es decir, si el comercio se trata como ganancias de capital o de ingresos. Syrus 21 de octubre 2010 a las 2:08 am ¿Cuál es el pasivo fiscal de una opción de comercio cuando se ejerce la opción. Si será rentable después del pago de la comisión al corredor y al impuesto. ¿Hay alguna red segura para salvaguardar las ganancias? Sí, seguramente puede salir de una posición de opción por el comercio fuera de ella antes de la fecha de vencimiento. Kartik 18 de octubre 2010 a las 8:03 am Esta explicación habla sobre la opción en caso de caducidad, pero lo que en caso de comercio que tiene lugar entre la fecha de caducidad. Peter 17 de septiembre 2010 a las 2:26 h Hola Meghna, sólo porque no hay ofertas por ahí doesn t cualquier compradores. Sólo puede introducir una orden de venta en el mercado y si el precio es justo un creador de mercado lo tomará. Meghna 17 de septiembre 2010 a las 2:19 h Hola Peter, sé que puedo invertir la posición mediante la venta en el mismo mercado. Pero en las ofertas electrónicas por lo general no están disponibles para las opciones de ITM / OTM, mientras que en el mercado OTC puedo fácilmente revertir la posición pagando algo más alto al corredor. Por lo tanto, aclarar amablemente cómo ael con tal situación en comercio electrónico como. Peter 15 de septiembre 2010 a las 6:39 am Sí, puede invertir la posición de la opción mediante la venta del mismo contrato de opción en el mercado de opciones. Meghna 15 de septiembre 2010 a las 5:25 am HI, Decir si estoy comprando una opción en el dinero europeo con una expiración de 4 meses y si la opción es ITM profundo o OTM durante al final del segundo mes y si quiero cristalizar Mis ganancias que hay alguna forma de salir de él Peter 5 de septiembre 2010 a las 5:15 am He oído que pensar o nadar tienen una gran plataforma también. Ramesh 5 de septiembre 2010 a las 12:32 am ¿Qué empresa tiene mejores herramientas de comercio y comisiones bajas Peter 2 de septiembre 2010 a las 5:55 pm Uso y puedo recomendar Interactive Brokers. Son una empresa con sede en los EE. UU. y no tienes que vivir en los EE. UU. para abrir una cuenta con ellos. NaZZ 02 de septiembre 2010 a las 7:02 am Me quedo en Tailandia (en Asia), ¿cómo puedo empezar a comerciar porque no tengo ninguna cuenta con cualquier corredor en EE. UU. ¿Puede sugerirme sitio web de corretaje para abrir la cuenta y el comercio. Peter 29 de agosto 2010 a las 5:07 pm Hola Sam, gracias por la retroalimentación Sí, creo que simples largas posiciones desnudas siguen siendo útiles y, obviamente, tienen la mayoría de la explosión de dólar por así decirlo. Su valor - específicamente la volatilidad. A menudo, usted puede comprar una opción de compra y aunque la acción rally la opción de compra ganó s valor que el movimiento en el precio de la acción. Esto puede ser desalentador para los nuevos operadores de opciones. Pero esto no significa que la llamada desnuda y poner la compra debe ser evitado. Sólo necesita ser entendido. Sam 29 de agosto 2010 a las 10:41 am hola Peter, es realmente bonito sitio web que tienes. De todos modos, hablando de estrategia de opciones. Basado en su experiencia, es todavía útil usar solamente la llamada larga o poner larga. Porque he oído que estos son inútiles, en su mayoría sin valor. Peter 29 de agosto 2010 a las 5:44 am Hola Rajesh, ¿estás ubicado en los EE. UU. Si es así, las siguientes empresas ofrecen cursos opcionales y formación rajashekargoud 27 de agosto 2010 a las 12:11 pm estoy interesado opción por favor sugerirme buena insitituion para traning y De donde debo comenzar la opción (inversiones del instial) y para tratar en la opción debemos tener cualquier experiencia Peter 26 de agosto de 2010 en 12:31 Hola Raju, gracias por la regeneración. Si tiene alguna otra sugerencia para el sitio, por favor hágamelo saber. Raju jee 25 de agosto 2010 a las 9:59 pm hola. Jst ir a través de este sitio y m stant abut saber opción stategy. PLZ me enseñan más y CONGRAT 4 ur valioso meteriel. Peter 18 de agosto 2010 a las 6:57 pm Hola Dale, HPQ está actualmente en 41,36 por lo que sus opciones de venta son ITM para el comprador, lo que significa que usted está buscando ejercer y teniendo la entrega de la acción a 45. Con vencimiento mañana su puesto ha Un delta de -1, lo que significa que es efectivamente largo el stock ahora. Lo que haces ahora depende de tu visión de HPQ. Al vender un puesto, yo diría que usted debe haber sido un poco optimista en el primer lugar para estar preparado para mantener la acción a los 45. aunque HPQ ha tomado un buceo fuerte últimamente, tal vez su punto de vista ha cambiado. Si ese es el caso que podría vender de los puestos de mañana y reducir sus pérdidas en este comercio. O, si desea continuar la celebración de la acción, entonces por qué no echar un vistazo a la escritura de algunas llamadas de septiembre 43 Limitará sus ganancias si la acción llega allí, pero tendrá la ganancia inmediata de los ingresos de la prima recibida. Dale Brooks 18 de agosto 2010 a las 6:00 pm Estoy corto el hpq 12 de enero 45 poner, lo que es un buen stategy para limitar mi riesgo en el lado negativo. ¿Debo ir largo el mismo puesto en la misma huelga. Gracias Dale Peter 14 de agosto 2010 a las 4:00 pm Hola Amit, hay dos empresas que ofrecen este tipo de formación Amit Sharma 14 de agosto 2010 a las 2:06 pm Quieres aprender la estrategia de opción con prctical Knowledge Contact. 9818759927, 9211663645 Peter August 14th, 2010 at 6:28 am shamsul idrisi 13 de agosto 2010 a las 12:27 pm Quiero aprender el comercio de opciones por favor me sugieren un buen centro de formación Peter 06 de agosto 2010 a las 2:00 am Interesante. ¿Sabes de un buen lugar para la fuente de los números de put / call ratio Brad Creo que el mejor indicador de sobreventa de sobreventa y una señal de reversión es cuando se dice que un stock está en una tendencia al alza que para un Par de días en límites. La señal viene con un cambio repentino de la relación PUT / CALL con un volumen significativo AUMKAR August 3rd, 2010 at 1:21 pm ¿Qué pasará si el ESTRÉS NIFTY va 100 anjanappa 30 de julio 2010 a las 2:04 am opt opt put optns strategies, i Soy muy succsed en este campo pl cualquier persona intenta y gana consigue más dinero gracias a Peter No, OTC puede significar una transacción entre dos partidos para cualquier tipo de instrumento financiero - incluso las acciones pueden ser negociadas OTC. Cuando se habla de OTC Commodities: ¿esto significa sólo Commodities opciones Peter es el lugar donde usted compra / vende el subyacente para reducir su exposición delta. Piyul 7 de mayo 2010 a las 8:24 am lo que es la cobertura stratges roshan 27 de marzo 2010 a las 8:18 am wat es option101 Peter 19 de julio 2009 a las 8:18 am Hola Yogesh, cualquier estrategia que tiene ilimitado potencial de ganancia ascendente, p. Long Straddle, que permite un beneficio ilimitado si las acciones se negocian hacia arriba o hacia abajo. Yogesh 18 de julio 2009 a las 5:11 de la mañana qué estrategias utilizan para dar más beneficios PLZ respuesta la respuesta Priyal 9 de mayo 2009 a las 4:25 am para la comprensión opción u tiene que leer más libros ser práctico Vinesh 06 de mayo 2009 a las 9:55 pm Hola, soy inversionista indio y comerciante. Tengo apenas este Web site pocos días detrás y quiero decirle que éste es el mejor sitio en negociar de las opciones e imparting conocimiento en el tema. Felicitaciones. Admin December 8th, 2008 at 3:21 am Sí, seguro que puedes negociar en línea. Utilizo intermediarios interactivos que tienen un gran final de fuente y un corretaje bastante bajo. También podría tratar de comerciar lisa Ascolese 22 de noviembre 2008 a las 8:56 am ¿A quién llamaría si yo quería opciones de comercio. ¿Es esto algo que podría hacer chandi en línea 12 de noviembre de 2008 a las 7:00 am Quiero saber qué r las estrategias sin riesgo en la opción de comercio. Eso dará dinero en cualquier condición del mercado. Admin Noviembre 7, 2008 at 7:03 pm Lo sentimos, no entiendo su pregunta. ¿Podría ser más específico por favor prafulla 3 de noviembre de 2008 a las 11:39 am ¿qué r proces para invertir en ella. Opciones de Aprendizaje para el Comercio El comercio de opciones tiene muchas ventajas sobre otros vehículos de inversión. La negociación de contratos de opción puede dar a un inversionista la flexibilidad de hacer apuestas en resultados muy específicos del mercado hacia arriba, hacia abajo, lateralmente entre los precios A y B, volátiles y así sucesivamente. Pueden ser un tema complejo de entender al principio - llamadas, puts, delta, cobertura, etc Pero confía en mí, muchos novatos han comenzado este camino al igual que usted. Comenzando lentamente, algunos conceptos a la vez y antes de que sepa que va a estar colocando su comercio de primera opción. Cada cuerpo que lo hace Usted puede ser que piense que las opciones son una novedad de las finanzas. En este caso, es posible que desee echar un vistazo a este gráfico de volumen tomado de los EE. UU. Opciones Clearing Corporation A finales de 2014 las opciones de acciones de EE. UU. están en un máximo histórico de 292 millones de contratos negociados - un aumento de 7 en 2013 volúmenes. La explosión y el crecimiento continuo del mercado de opciones demuestra su creciente popularidad entre el segmento de comercio minorista. Los comerciantes minoristas están encantados con el apalancamiento, la selección de activos disponibles y la variedad de operaciones posibles con opciones y combinaciones de opciones. Los comerciantes ahora pueden elegir opciones, no sólo en acciones, sino en indicies, commodities, divisas y fondos negociados en bolsa (ETFs). Un factor importante en el movimiento de los comerciantes de la negociación tradicional de acciones a opciones es las opciones de apalancamiento puede proporcionar sobre el instrumento subyacente y dependiendo de cómo se estructura un comercio, su riesgo total por comercio puede ser limitado en una cantidad determinada. Lo que significa, usted puede saber de antemano cuál es su peor caso la pérdida es si el comercio va completamente en contra de usted - algo tradicional comercio de acciones carece. Como comerciante al por menor, puede desembolsar 20 en una opción de acciones donde el juego es para un rally del mercado en las próximas dos semanas. Incluso si los tanques de valores y va a cero, su pérdida será limitado a los 20. Sin embargo, digamos que las acciones rallies duro en un informe de ganancias, toma de posesión o algún otro evento significativo (tal vez un consejo de un amigo) y termina 15 Más alto durante las dos semanas - su ganancia neta podría ser de 150 Riesgos 20 para hacer 150. Todo lo que necesita para empezar con su primer comercio que encontrará en este sitio. Le invitamos a hacer preguntas ya sea a través del cuadro de comentarios en la parte inferior de la mayoría de las páginas o a través de FaceBook y Twitter. Por favor, gritar si usted tiene alguna pregunta o sugerencia para el sitio Comentarios (102) Peter 01 de septiembre 2015 at 7:25 pm Lo siento por la respuesta tardía aquí. Perdí la notificación del comentario. 1) El golpe de derecha para comprar realmente depende de su punto de vista de la población y lo rápido que crees que podría moverse. Si quieres jugar con seguridad, debes comprar la siguiente huelga, p. 13 si es posible. Sin embargo, si la acción ya está cayendo la prima pagada puede exceder lo que recibió en la venta de la huelga 14. De cualquier manera, con esto todavía no hay garantía de que no se le asignará en la huelga corta. 2) Usted puede cerrar las transacciones que compran los lados opuestos de ambas huelgas, p. Si usted vendió la huelga 14, simplemente comprar la huelga de 14 para 10 contratos para cerrarlo. Entonces ya no tendrá una posición para ser asignado en. Usted no puede, sin embargo, tener una huelga cancelar el otro ya que son diferentes precios de ejercicio. Si usted compra de nuevo la huelga 14 ya no tendrá ningún riesgo de ser asignado una posición de stock largo. Si usted compró la huelga 13, entonces es usted que tiene el ejercicio o no, por lo que no hay riesgo inesperado tampoco. Avísame si no está claro. Dave 27 de agosto de 2015 a las 7:23 pm He vendido una opción de venta desnuda para 10 contratos. El precio de ejercicio es 14. La acción está en 16.89. Quiero proteger contra que caiga a través del precio de la huelga y tener una llamada de margen o ser asignado. Entiendo que puedo protegerme contra eso comprando un puesto en la acción. 1) Entiendo que necesito comprar un put que sea por el número de contratos que he vendido - 10 y que no debería pagar más que mi precio de venta. De lo contrario, ¿qué debo considerar al elegir el derecho de poner a comprar 2) Vamos a asumir que después de comprar mi poner, el precio cae por debajo de 14. ¿Cómo cerrar estas transacciones ¿Cómo puedo obtener mi obligación de comprar el stock cancelado En otras palabras , ¿Cómo puedo obtener la opción de una acción para cancelar el otro Peter 30 de junio 2014 a las 7:47 pm En el fondo de las opciones de llamadas de dinero tendrá un delta de 1, lo que significa que el precio de la opción se moverá 1 a 1 con el Precio de la población. Así que en lugar de pensar que son largas 10 llamadas pensar en su posición como ser de largo 1.000 acciones 70. Con 1.000 acciones me gustaría ver a una llamada cubierta y bloquear las ganancias en la posición total mediante la venta de 10 de las 85 llamadas. Nathan June 30th, 2014 at 1:51 pm Compré un en la opción de llamada de dinero que ahora está en el fondo del dinero. Quiero cerrar mis ganancias. Las opciones expiran en Sept. No estoy recibiendo mucho tiempo premium. La opción es para 70 y la acción se cotiza en 83. Sólo se me ofrece 13.30. La prima parece baja, pero esa no es mi pregunta. Tengo 10 contratos. What do you think about locking in gains by selling a July 85 for 1.50 for 5 of my contracts What is another play that I can do with these in the money options Faisal June 27th, 2014 at 2:49am Dear Sir, I am trading in Indian market my doubt is follows I have a query on Option delta. I was checking delta for OTM Put and call option strikes. Then I have observed that on puts, strikes are nearer compared to Call strikes with same delta.( this is 60 days away from expiry) I. e. When Nifty ( market )at 7580, 8200 CE delta is .21 and 7300 PE delta is -.21. But the difference from 7580 to 8200 is 619 and from 7580 to 7300 is 280. Why this much difference is in price distance. Agradeciendotelo de antemano. Anu April 7th, 2014 at 12:35am Hi Peter Sir, I am new in option (Intra day) trading..Please tell me how to use the option trading calculator (Intra day trading) and how i get the information about means how much points market gives call or put. If you have another strategy then please tell me.. Thank you, Anu (India). Peter April 3rd, 2013 at 5:02am Regarding replication - do you mean synthetic relationships You can mix up calls, puts and stock to make different kinds of payoffs based on the Put Call Parity relationship (C - P S - X). Peter April 3rd, 2013 at 5:02am I m really not sure how this relates to the Black Scholes option model, sorry Can you share a little more about your calculations i. e what inputs you used to the BS model to generate the 90.45 put price Just so I can try and understand more about the question. Btw - what is this course you are doing Sounds tough for a beginner class -) Steve April 2nd, 2013 at 11:55pm You are super. most people in my class got it on the sudden drop in implied volatility but not on the decrease in interest rates. Btw, i also got confuse on the option replication. Am i right to say to replicate a short call, you lend out money and short call shares of stock For replicating a short put, you actually borrow money and buy put shares of stock However, for replicating a long call, you lend out money and buy call shares of stock while for replicating a long put, you borrow money and short put shares of stock. Is my concept and understanding correct Karen April 2nd, 2013 at 11:45pm Hi everyone, I s lecture. Suppose Bank A has a total asset value equal to 10 billion and deposits equal to 9 billion. Bank A has no other forms of debt. Bank A s assets have an annual standard deviation of 10 . The current interest rate (continuously compounded ) for one-year maturity is 2 . The deposit insurance coverage is for 1 year and the fixed premium rate is at 50 basis points per dollar insured deposit. The question is how much is the total dollar value of this subsidy by using the BS formula. And why the level of the interest rate does not have any effect on the answer I have attempted to solve it and the calculation on put option price is 90.45. And if i change the interest rate, then the put option price also change subsequently. not sure why. Peter April 1st, 2013 at 8:20pm The most likely candidate is a drop in implied volatility - a decrease in interest rates will also cause a drop in the price of an option although the effect is minimal compared to IV. Peter April 1st, 2013 at 8:18pm I would say that the answer is A - assuming that the option in question for the stock and the future is the same i. e. it is a call in both examples or a put. As there are no dividends paying on the stock the one year forward price for the stock will equal the one year future price. Steve March 29th, 2013 at 10:52pm I just wonder what would cost the price of a stock decreases significantly while the price of tis put option also decrease. Is this due to sudden decrease in the hedge ratio or sudden decrease in investor s perceived future volatility or the risk-free rate must have decreased significantly Joe March 29th, 2013 at 9:55pm Anyone know how to deal with this question The 1 year risk-free rate 5 per annum (compounded continuously). ABC is a non-dividend paying stock and is currently selling at 100. A one-year futures contract on ABC is selling at Sxexp(rT) 100xexp(0.05) 105.13. A 1 year European call on the stock with the exercise price of 100 is selling at X, while the 1 year European option on the futures (which also has a maturity of one year) with the exercise price of 100 is selling at Y. Use the Black and Scholes option pricing model to make judgement on the following statements. Assume that there are no trnsaction costs or other cost. everything being equal, which of the following is correct A: X Y B: 1.05 x Y 1.05x X E: the information is insufficient to determine the relation between X and Y Peter March 26th, 2013 at 9:08pm Correct - you re bullish on the stock when short a put. Owning the stock doesn t stop your obligation to provide stock to the buyer if you are exercised. In the even of a short call assignment your broker will borrow stock on your behalf, which will be sold to the option buyer upon exercise. You will then have a short position in the stock (until you buy stock to cover) and pay borrow costs (aka stock borrow). OptionRookie March 26th, 2013 at 10:30am You are correct sir. I was thinking about buying a put. If I d want the underlying security to at least remains at the strike price if not go higher at expiration, correct One area that I don t understand is why do I have to purchase a stock if I get assigned when I already own it Peter March 25th, 2013 at 9:35pm I think you ve mistaken calls and puts here. if you are short a put and are assigned you buy the stock, not sell it. So at expiration if you are assigned you will by long 2,000 shares at an average price of 4.93. Unless I misunderstood your post OptionRookie March 22nd, 2013 at 2:17pm I have another senario for you if you don s say at expiration I get assign. So I sell 1000 shares 6/share which yields 6000. The grand total I would collect is 8650 ( 2650 premium 6000 sell of stock). So my final net profit would be 4790 ( 8650 profit - 3860 cost). I m leaving commission out for ease of discussion. But wait, it only costs me an average of 3860 for 1000 shares. What s so profitable Thanks again and have a nice weekend. Nick March 21st, 2013 at 9:58am Thanks Peter. I really appreciate the explanation and the spreadsheet is great. Just what I needed. Peter March 14th, 2013 at 9:46pm If you are short (naked) the call and it expires worthless (stock below the strike) then there is no action to take - the premium received when you sold it is your profit. However, if the stock is above the strike price at expiration then you will be position in the stock until you buy back the stock to cover (while paying interest on the borrowed stock). Also, if the options are American style then you may be s expiration date to sell the stock at the strike price. OptionRookie March 13th, 2013 at 2:52pm I m currently selling 10 Nok 3.5 strike Arp13 call. Do I have to do anything to close it out or just leave it there until it expires As always, thanks for your expertise. Aclamaciones. Peter March 8th, 2013 at 4:20pm Nope - you can buy to open the same contract in the same month straight away. The same as if you were trading a stock you can buy to open, sell to close and repeat as much as you want - or until you run out of funds -) OptionsRookie March 8th, 2013 at 11:04am So if I sell to close a contract and made a profit, do I have to wait one calendar month if I want to purchase the same contract again Peter March 8th, 2013 at 12:17am Yep - a wash sale can apply to any financial security. OptionRookie March 7th, 2013 at 1:55pm Hello Peter, Quick question for you. Does the wash sale apply to options Peter November 4th, 2012 at 4:07pm I t give too much away but a basic overview would help. Bill November 4th, 2012 at 9:10am I am currently using TradersHelpDesk trading method to trade options. I am happy with it. does this stand alone method or do I need to do complicated things Peter October 29th, 2012 at 4:29am would be long a put option. Sally October 26th, 2012 at 5:29am I m new to option trading. Someone please explain What is Bought to Open Put Peter August 14th, 2012 at 10:52pm Mmm. this is just a spread bet between two stocks. So, you would want to go long Total and short Shell Using options to do this (instead of the stocks outright) would be to use synthetics. Es decir. long synthetic on Total and short synthetic on Shell. P. ej. long call short put (same strike) on Total and short call long put on Shell (same strike). Not sure if there are any other strategies suited for this james August 14th, 2012 at 3:50pm please can you explain to me the right strategy to use if I know that the market will move in favor of one stock. eg if I know that Total plc will outperform Shell by December. Thanks you are great. Peter July 30th, 2012 at 5:28am 1. Yes 2. Most likely - it depends on the broker. Interactive Brokers, for example, allows you define your account in another currency. You can also perform foreign currency transactions within your account for other countries that they support. For your other questions, you will need to read up on the relevant tax treaties between India and the US Satish July 29th, 2012 at 8:58pm Iam a Resident of the India - Bangalore. I have few queries before investing in US Stock Market Equities. 1.Can I invest Indian money for US Options Trading or in US Stocks 2.Once the Indian money is funded to the Brokerage account, will it be appeared as US dollars 3.IF I pay Tax on US Stocks and Options thru online Brokerage Account, who located at US, Do again I have to Pay Tax in India 4.When is the Declaration of Income Tax is done at India for April 2012-Marxh 2013 year. 5.How do Tax regulations apply at India for US stocks and Options Would be greatful if u get me this information. Venkatesh July 7th, 2012 at 4:07am Hi Peter, Your tutorials and the excel files you have given are immensely useful. And you do all this for free. Dios te bendiga. ) JB April 15th, 2012 at 3:21pm Thanks for the fantastic site. I never click banner ads but I do on this page with the hopes that it helps maintain this great resource. Peter March 29th, 2012 at 11:43pm If you sell the option back before the expiration date then it is a manual transaction - i. e. you decide to execute it and place the order yourself (or have a broker do it). If the option expires and it is in-the-money then the sale of the option is automatic. Wayne March 29th, 2012 at 7:01pm Hi Peter, Thx for the last answer, When you sell back a call early, is it an automatic sale, like mutaul funds or when a buyer buys it Peter March 28th, 2012 at 6:12pm Your net profit in both cases should be the same. The difference is that in the second example, you will need more capital to take delivery of the stock once it has been exercised. At the expiration date, the option will be worth the intrinsic value, which will be the stock price minus the strike price. So if you exercise the option, you essentially sell the option at zero to close it and then take delivery of the stock at the strike price. Then you sell the stock back in the market to make the profit. wayne March 28th, 2012 at 1:03am great site, thx, my question is that I want to purchase 5 call contracts 1.20 for May 25 3.00. Let say that in the first week of May, the price is 8.00 and I wish to sell these contracts. What would my net be approximately or then if I were to outright buy the stock on May 25, still at 8.00 and sell the same day, what would my net be then. I m trying to validate my thought process. gracias de nuevo. Peter February 26th, 2012 at 4:20pm Hi Raghavendra, the historical volatility spreadsheet downloads the data from Yahoo only. Currently Yahoo isn t supporting historical for NIFTY futures, however, you can download the index historical data by entering in NSEI into the ticker field. Raghavendra February 25th, 2012 at 6:09am In the historical-Volatility calculator, how can I import Nifty Futures. The Excel gives spot prices. But I want it for Nifty futures, which I want to import from NSE site, from the link nseindia /marketinfo/fo/fomwatchsymbol. jsp key NIFTY Please let me, how to do it. Peter January 23rd, 2012 at 3:54pm tom January 21st, 2012 at 10:30am Ive been learning to trade options and futures for over a year and im ready to begin. However ive found that with my current broker im not allowed to trade futures at all and they only want to allowed covered options strategys. I want to trade independantly online and be allowed to sell naked puts and/or calls. any advice you could offer on how to achieve this would be appreciated. thanks Peter January 2nd, 2012 at 5:38pm Hi Patrick, no worries about the questions, I m happy to help It intrinsic value - i. e. for a call option this will be the stock price minus the exercise price. Check out the page on option value for a deeper explanation. Patrick January 1st, 2012 at 8:46pm Thanks for all the great info - you time decay. What is this The reason I ask is this: I plan to buy a fairly ridiculous number of call option contracts - pretty cheap. I wouldn 13 the shares are at 5. I can sell the contracts back, yes At what profit Thanks in advance - hope my questions isn t too moronic. Peter December 27th, 2011 at 6:29pm Hi Kanchan, a pricing model depends on the style of option (e. g. American/European) - not the country. Index options (i. e. NIFTY) are European style and stock options are generally American style. For European options you can use a Black Scholes Model and for American options you can use a Binomial Model . kanchan December 23rd, 2011 at 12:22am do u have any excel pricing model for Indian options Peter December 20th, 2011 at 5:09pm When to enter the market all depends on your view of the stock. danielyee December 19th, 2011 at 5:03am I m Daniel from Malaysia I m very new in option trading. Can some one please guide me where I can learn when time to enter the trading Thanks. Adil Siddiqui October 27th, 2011 at 3:07pm Great information on options, what kind of strategies can be used in this volatile climate especially on instruments like Gold Peter October 4th, 2011 at 12:21am Yes, take a look at the article on the Binomial Model . Bruce October 3rd, 2011 at 11:34pm Do you have any excel pricing model for American options Peter September 11th, 2011 at 7:05pm Possibly. options lose value as expiration approaches (time decay ) and the amount lost increases the closer the option is to expiration. Any potential gains due to movements in the underlying price need to be enough to outweigh the effects of time value and changes in implied volatility. Having said that, however, if the price movement you mentioned occurred very quickly, say, over one day then you will most likely still make money on that option. shail September 11th, 2011 at 7:04am I m just getting to know options and had few question if you can help me understand. Say I have bought a call option contract with strike 5000 at a premium of 15 and qty 100 on 03rd Sept, 2011 whereas the current index level is 4500. Now if the index moves till 4900 do I still make money Considering that the index has not cross the strike level of 5000 (buy level) Peter August 11th, 2011 at 6:57pm Buy to open to establish a new long position Buy to close to exit/close out an existing short position Sell to open to establish a new short position Sell to close to exit/close out an existing long position Exercise if you are long an option and you want to exercise the option to take delivery of the underlying or sell the underlying (depending on whether it is a call or put option) Yeah, I 100 MSFT. Gabe August 11th, 2011 at 3:13pm So when I sell the contract it doesn m just selling a already written contract correct Also when I go to buy a contract/option thru my broker (tdameritrade) I chose what leg of the symbol what contract I want aka GE, etc. but I have to chose one of the four options --------------- Buy to open Buy to close Sell to open Sell to close Exercise ---------------- Can you explain what each one means What one would I chose to just buy, say I wanted a call option which is what confuses me. Whats the difference between Buy to open and Buy to close and all the rest. Peter July 31st, 2011 at 7:06pm Kind of - but you don the option and purchased and sold the stock. Gabe July 30th, 2011 at 5:17pm Hi, I m having some trouble understanding them. when I buy a options contract and everything goes smooth and it hits above the strike price in the allotted time I then have to pay the contract price for the stock (I then own the stock and can sell it if I please and the contract is now mute ) If it doesn t have to buy any stocks Obviously we area talking about call options here. Vignesh July 29th, 2011 at 6:06am Hey..I downloaded your Option trading worksheet. Buen trabajo. Es muy útil. Gracias por tu esfuerzo. Peter June 16th, 2011 at 5:16am Thanks for the feedback Jean, much appreciated jean June 15th, 2011 at 11:27pm I am interested to learn options trading but I am a total newbie in this area, and I really am lousy on charts and calculations. So far I have touched on your introductory notes on , you have made it very easy to understand, thank you. Nitin May 14th, 2011 at 12:14am Thanxxx a Lot Peter For your Help. Really u r doing a G8 Job. Peter May 10th, 2011 at 7:06pm Hi Jason, I ve never participated in any options course like this so I cannot comment directly - but would like to hear about your experience if you attend. Házmelo saber. Jason May 10th, 2011 at 1:31am have been looking at doing an options trading course that covers in details charting techniques. Have spoken to several training providers however one of them can be found at globaltradingedge what are your thoughts are their courses Have spoken to past students who have had some good success with writing covered calls. Their strategy involves Elliott Wave, Swing Trading and Fibonacci any thoughts would be greatly appreciated Peter April 7th, 2011 at 8:43pm Hi Harry, your best bet would be to try option market making firms, however, you t find any such firms. You might want to contact the NSE directly and ask them. Alternatively, you could reach out to your local broker. Harry April 6th, 2011 at 1:52pm I am from India, I did my MBA in finance. In final semister I took Option Strategies as my Project. Now I want to work in this field so what to do now and which companies I should try, can any one help me in this matter Peter March 2nd, 2011 at 3:02am I ve not bought the ebook ezy options sells so I cannot comment. A good video options course is the Option Income System - an online video series. Dave March 2nd, 2011 at 2:00am What is your opinion on ezyoptions What are some good cheap options trading courses Peter February 15th, 2011 at 10:48pm jan February 15th, 2011 at 2:10pm thanks peter. one more question. is there such a strategy where you go long and short call and put at the same time for example when you wait a big move in the price of gold so you buy and sell all four of them for the same trigger price and wait for the outcome Peter February 14th, 2011 at 4:15pm Here are some option recommendation services Peter February 7th, 2011 at 6:19pm Your broker should provide a platform with options functionality. However, if you prefer standalone software for analysis you could try optionvue or Omni Trader . Sandy February 3rd, 2011 at 3:07am Your site is very informative. Thanks. Could you kindly give some advice on cost effective software packages that can be used in stocks/options I am new at this. Peter January 31st, 2011 at 10:30pm If you own the stock and sell a call and a put at the same strike (i. e. a short straddle ) the payoff profile is the same as that of a covered call . JPD January 31st, 2011 at 12:03pm You may want to go through whatever theoretical courses that you have taken a few more times. Over time, you will lose your shirt. For example, MSFT was selling for around 28.5 the time of your post. Let s say you sold 29 Feb 2011 options. On 28 Jan MSFT hit 29.45 intraday -- your put options might be called away for a 45 loss per contract. Two days later when the price ratched down to 27.50 intraday -- your call options might be called away for a 150 loss per contract. Gerry December 17th, 2010 at 11:29am Hi. I have some questions relating to options. which I dont seem to find answers to. maybe you could help. If I own stock. say MSFT. and sell a call option for strike price 29. pocket the premium ( I understand this obliges me to sell the share at 29). Then if I sell put option for strike price 29. pocket the premium ( I understand this will oblige me to buy share at 29 ). Is this a viable strategy. I cannot see a down side but I have only theoratical experience with options. Thanks all damien December 17th, 2010 at 9:03am Thanks for you quick response, I gone on to the Savi website but they do not appear to provide tutelage in options. My main interest is in options. Thank you Peter December 16th, 2010 at 4:54pm Hi Damien, if you re after practical training with a prop trading firm, then you could try getting in touch with Savi Trading - they are based in London. If it s just some conversational type mentoring then you might want to try asking a few of the folks on Trading Coach Directory . I m not affiliated with either of the above so cannot comment on the quality of their material. Though if you try any of them let me know and I can pass on the feedback via the site. Good luck damien December 16th, 2010 at 11:43am Please admin, I know nothing about share trading, futures and options, but I hold a masters degree in real estate finance and I am most willing to learnin particular options trading so I can make myself a better life, Please can you kindly recommend a good tutelage program or course for me so I can educate myself and make this life I dream about a reality. I am willing to devote total time, energy and al m y resources to tjhis as I have been advised by my sister in Canada to learn about options trading to make my income from there. I reside in the UK. London to be precise and am really keen to know where to begin and for this knowledge. I know some background knowledge about options, futures and shares but that is all there is to it. Please kindly recommend me good tutelage or good program to educate me to the standard I want, Please. Gracias. My email address is donmillsd yahoo. co. uk should you have further material for me I can use to educate myself on options trading. Please bear in mind I am a novice but a quick learner, I will like some practical and theoretical program to enable get myself this new career. Many thanks Peter November 29th, 2010 at 6:25pm Can you please elaborate - is something not clear I am open to suggestions on how to improve the content. ARVIND TRIPATHI November 29th, 2010 at 5:46am You should provide the basic definition first. Ankit October 20th, 2010 at 7:33am I don t understand the strategy so, i am not interested but, now I want to understand because of to earn money. Peter October 4th, 2010 at 7:31pm Have you had any success with such newsletters I would be interested if you have. Házmelo saber. AR October 4th, 2010 at 6:20pm Your option strategies are not creating the doubling or tripling account values as some of your other news letter buddies claim in their sites. AR Peter September 6th, 2010 at 11:18pm Hi Kam, yes, you can do whatever you want to the spreadsheet. The VBA code is not protected, so just open up the VB Editor and change the code all you like. Implementing a Volatility Skew is a bit trickier though. you would need to be able to query a source of option market prices, download them into the spreadsheet and then calculate the Implied Volatilites for each. (You can use the Implied Volatility functions in the workbook for that). Then, you would have to implement your own fitting logic to define a curve around these points. Once you have that, you can use each discrete point as your volatility input for your option model. Kam September 6th, 2010 at 7:31pm Hi, I just downloaded the excel spreadsheet. Excellent job I have 2 questions: 1. Is it possible to modify the model from Black Scholes to Whaley (American Futures options) 2. How can I give a skew to the volatility for OTM options and be able to manually shift it and modify the slope - Thanks Peter August 19th, 2010 at 6:05pm Hi Tony, most would say to start off trading stocks and s up to you though. When I opened up my first brokerage account my first trades were in orange juice and lean hog futures. Then I traded stock options on US equities before I actually did any electronic trades in stocks. Tony August 19th, 2010 at 12:41am I want to get into stock trading, can I start by going into option trading right away or just start with the basic stock trading Peter March 18th, 2010 at 6:41pm From their website it seems as though MetaTrader only supports Futures, FOREX and CFDs. milind March 18th, 2010 at 4:27am i am trading currencies on metatrader. is it possible to trade options simultaneously on metatrader venika sharma March 12th, 2010 at 11:49pm Very good information. md December 30th, 2009 at 11:01am Good day - we trade in indian stock mkt, if your strategies suits Indian mkt then we too want to learn more on option trading, please Guide me, Ty sudheesh August 25th, 2009 at 4:50am u can add DEMOs in the Tutorials . hedgex August 8th, 2009 at 7:26pm I t believe the book got the market direction reversed. Thanks for getting it right. Shawna May 17th, 2009 at 11:44am Great information, thank you. Jeremy April 10th, 2009 at 11:10pm I love the spreadsheet. Im still needing a U. S. currency formula (or spreadsheet) Thank you for this free advice, and i look forward to studying your sheets more. Admin March 22nd, 2009 at 6:40am Not yet Greg. I will add a Binomial option pricing model soon. Greg March 20th, 2009 at 10:25am Do you have a spreadsheet that price American-style options Admin February 23rd, 2009 at 3:53am Unfortunately I ve no experience with their program/offering. If you do try it out, let me know your findings. jim February 22nd, 2009 at 12:43pm what is your opinion of cashflow heaven subscri ption service, looks very good and seems to have several years track record, have you heard anything on it Admin September 30th, 2008 at 8:09pm Hard to say. Possible sure, but difficult to say without knowing more about their strategy. Could you elaborate a little more on how they expect to achieve this Or provide the web address of the said company Marie September 29th, 2008 at 11:36am One company offers to double your money in three months investment in otions trading, they say that their risk is very mininal. Is this possible, or could they be legitimate Add a Comment Copyright 2005 Option Trading Tips. Todos los derechos reservados. Site Map Newsletter Glossary Of Options Terminology Updated 24 Sep 2013 Index by alphabetical order Accumulation - When stocks start moving sideways after a significant drop as investors start accumulating. Adjusted Options - Non-standardized stock options with customized terms in order to price in major changes in the underlying stock s capital structure. Read the full tutorial on Adjusted Options. All-or-None (AON) Order - An order that must be completely filled or else it will not be executed. This is a useful order for option traders executing complex option strategies which needs to be precisely filled. Types Of Options Orders Explained . American-Style Option - An option contract that may be exercised at any time between the date of purchase and the expiration date. Most exchange-traded options are American-style. Read The Tutorial On American Style Options. Arbitrage - The simultaneous purchase and sale of financial instruments in order to benefit from price discrepancies. Option traders frequently look for price discrepancies of the same option contract between different option exchanges, thereby benefiting from a risk free trade. Read more about Options Arbitrage . Ask Price - As used in the phrase bid and asked it is the price at which a potential seller is willing to sell. Another way of saying this is the asking price for what someone is selling. You buy option contracts and stocks on their Ask price. Read more about Options Prices . Assign - to designate an option writer for fulfillment of his obligation to sell stock (call option writer) or buy stock (put option writer). The writer receives an assignment notice from the Options Clearing Corporation. Read More About Options Assignment . At the Money - When an option s strike price is the same as the prevailing stock price. Read More About At The Money Options . Automatic Exercise - A protection procedure whereby the Options Clearing Corporation attempts to protect the holder of an expiring in-the-money option by automatically exercising the option on behalf of the holder. Auto-trading - A three way agreement to have your options broker automatically execute trade recommended by your options advisory service. Read more about Auto-Trading. Backspread - see Reverse Strategy. Read More About Backspreads . Barrier Options - Exotic options which comes into existence or goes out of existence when certain prices has been reached. Read More About Barrier Options Here Bearish - An opinion that expects a decline in price, either by the general market or by an underlying stock, or both. Bearish Options Strategies - Different ways to use options in order profit from a downwards move in the underlying stock. Read the tutorial on Bearish Options Strategies . Bear Spread - an option strategy that makes its maximum profit when the underlying stock declines and has its maximum risk if the stock rises in price. The strategy can be implemented with either puts or calls. In either case, an option with a higher striking price is purchased and one with a lower striking price is sold, both options generally having the same expiration date. See also Bull Spread. Option Strategy Library . Bear Trap - Any technically unconfirmed downward move that encourages investors to be bearish. It usually precedes strong rallies and often catches the unwary. Beta - A figure that indicates the historical propensity of a stock price to move with the stock market as a whole. Bid Price - The price at which a potential buyer is willing to buy from you. This means that you sell at the Bid Price. Read more about Options Prices . Bid/Ask Spread - The difference between the prevailing bid and ask price. Generally, option contracts that are more liquid tend to have a tighter Bid/Ask Spread while option contracts that are less liquid and are thinly traded tend to have a wider Bid/Ask Spread. Read more about Options Prices . Binary Options - Options that either pay you a fixed return when it ends up in the money by expiration or nothing at all. Read more about Binary Options . Black-Scholes Model - A mathematical formula designed to price an option as a function of certain variables-generally stock price, striking price, volatility, time to expiration, dividends to be paid, and the current risk-free interest rate. Read More About Black-Scholes model . Box Spread - A complex 4 legged options trading strategy meant to take advantage of discrepanies in options prices for a risk-free arbitrage. Learn More About Box Spreads . Break - Even Point-the stock price (or prices) at which a particular strategy neither makes nor loses money. It generally pertains to the result at the expiration date of the options involved in the strategy. A break-even point is one that changes as time passes. Breadth - The net number of stocks advancing versus those declining. When advances exceed declines the breadth of the market is inclining. When the declines exceed advances the market is declining. Breakout - What occurs when a stock price or average moves above a previous high resistance level or below a previous low support level. The odds are that the trend will continue. Bullish - An opinion in which one expects a rise in price, either by the general market or by an individual security. Bullish Options Strategies - Different ways to use options in order profit from an upwards move in the underlying stock. Read the tutorial on Bullish Options Strategies . Bull Call Spread - A bullish options strategy which aims to reduce the upfront cost of buying call options in order to profit from stocks that are expected to rise moderately. Read the Tutorial on Bull Call Spread . Bull Spread - an option strategy that achieves its maximum potential if the underlying security rises far enough, and has its maximum risk if the security falls far enough. An option with a lower striking price is bought and one with a higher striking price is sold, both generally having the same expiration date. Either puts or calls may be used for the strategy. Option Strategy Library . Bull Trap - Any technically unconfirmed move to the upside that encourages investors to be bullish. Usually precedes important declines and often fools those who do not wait form confirmation by other indicators. Butterfly Spread - A neutral option strategy that has both limited risk and limited profit potential, constructed by combining a bull spread and a bear spread. Three strike prices are involved, with the lower two being utilized in the bull spread and the higher two in the bear spread. The strategy can be established with either puts or calls there are four different ways of combining options to construct the same basic position. Learn Everything About The Butterfly Spread . Buy To Open - To establish an options position by going long. Read the Buy To Open tutorial . Call - see Call Option. Call Broken Wing Butterfly Spread - A Butterfly Spread with a skewed risk/reward profile which makes no losses or even a slight credit when the underlying stock breaks to downside. This is achieved by buying further strike out of the money call options than a regular butterfly spread. Read the tutorial on Call Broken Wing Butterfly Spread . Call Broken Wing Condor Spread - A Condor Spread with a skewed risk/reward profile which makes no losses or even a slight credit when the underlying stock breaks to downside. This is achieved by buying further strike out of the money call options than a regular Condor spread. Read the tutorial on Call Broken Wing Condor Spread . Call Ratio Backspread - A credit options trading strategy with unlimited profit to upside and limited profit to downside through buying more out of the money calls than in the money calls are shorted. Read the tutorial on Call Ratio Backspread . Call Ratio Spread - A credit options trading strategy with the ability to profit when a stock goes up, down or sideways through shorting more out of the money calls than in the money calls are bought. Read the tutorial on Call Ratio Spread . Call Time Spread - Another name for Call Calendar Spread. An Options Trading strategy where long term call options are bought and near term call options are written in order to profit from time decay. Read the tutorial on Call Time Spread . Called Away - The process in which a call option writer is obligated to surrender the underlying stock to the option buyer at a price equal to the strike price of the call option. Read the tutorial on Called Away . Calendar Spread - A type of options trading strategy that uses a combination of options with different expiration dates in order to profit primarily from time decay. Read all about Calendar Spreads . Calendar Straddle or Combination - A complex neutral options strategy involving the purchase of a long term straddle and the sale of a short term straddle. Read all about Calendar Straddle. Calendar Strangle - A complex neutral options strategy involving the purchase of a long term strangle and the sale of a short term strangle. Read all about Calendar Strangle. Call Options - Options which gives the holder the right to buy the underlying security at a specified price for a certain, fixed period of time. Read All About Call Options . Capitalization - The total amount of securities issued by a corporation. This may include: bonds, debentures, preferred stock, common stock and surplus. Cash Secured Put - Short put options that are fully covered by cash needed in the event of an assignment. Read All About Cash Secured Put . Cash Settlement / Cash Delivered - Options which, when exercised, delivers the profit in cash instead of an underlying asset. Read All About Cash Settled Options . CBOE - The Chicago Board Options Exchange the first national exchange to trade listed stock options. CBOE VIX - See VIX. Chain - A list of options quotes across multiple strike prices. Read more about Options Chains . Class of Options - Option contracts of the same type and style that covers the same underlying asset. Close - Period at the end of a trading day where final prices for the day are calculated. Closing Order - The buying back or selling off of an option for which an option trader has the opposite position. An option trader who writes a call option will execute a closing order by buying to close that call option. An option trader who bought a call option will execute a closing order by selling to close that call option. Types Of Options Orders Explained . Condor Spread - A complex neutral option strategy that profits from a stock trading within a predetermined range. Read All About Condor Spreads Here Contango - A term originating from the oil market. This is when farther month implied volatility is higher than nearer month implied volatility. This is indicative of a normal market condition. Contingent Order - An advanced customizable options order that triggers contingent upon the fulfillment of predetermined criteria. Read more about Contingent Orders . Correction - When a stock drops in price temporarily before rebounding later. Contract Size - The amount of underlying asset covered by the option contract. This is generally 100. If an option is quoted for 2.50, then one contract would cost 2.50 x 100 250 and would cover 100 shares. Contract Neutral Hedging - A static hedging technique involving buying 1 put option or selling 1 call option for every 1 share held. Read More About Contract Neutral Hedging Here Contrary Opinion - The belief opposite that of the general public and/or Wall Street. It is most significant at major market turning points. An overall consensus of opinion, whether bullish or bearish, usually marks an extreme. An investor taking a contrary view will usually benefit in time. Conversion - The transformation of a long stock position into a position which is short the stock using options, without closing the original long stock position, through the use of synthetic positions. Read more about Conversions. Consolidation - When stocks starts going sideways after a significant rise as investors start selling some of their holdings to take profit. Contract Range - The highest and lowest price that an options contract has traded at. Find out more about Contract Range . Cover - to buy back as a closing transaction an option that was initially written. Covered Call Write - a strategy in which one writes call options while simultaneously owning an equal number of shares of the underlying stock. Read All About Covered Calls Here Covered Put Write - a strategy in which one sells put options and simultaneously is short an equal number of shares of the underlying security. Learn Everything About The Covered Put . Covered Straddle Write - the term used to describe the strategy in which an investor owns the underlying security and also writes a straddle on that security. This is not really a covered position. Covered Warrant - the term used for structured warrants that works almost exactly the same as call options and put options. Read about the Differences Between Warrants Options . Credit - Money received in an account. A credit transaction is one in which the net sale proceeds are larger than the net buy proceeds (cost), thereby bringing money into the account. There are many credit option strategies. Read All About Debit And Credit Spreads Here Credit Spread - A Credit Spread position is an option spread in which the net sale proceeds are larger than the net buy proceeds (cost), thereby bringing money into the account. Read more about Credit Spreads . Day Order - An order that expires at the end of the trading day if it is not executed. Read All About Options Orders Here Day trader / Daytrader - Traders who open and close option positions or multiple option positions all within the same trading day. Day trading / Daytrading - Trading methodolody that involves making multiple trades that are opened and closed all within the same trading day. Read more about Options Trading Styles . Debit - An expense, or money paid out from an account. A debit transaction is one in which the net cost is greater than the net sale proceeds. Debit Spread - Option spreads which you have to pay money to put on. Read more about Debit Spreads. Decay - See Time Decay Deliverables - The financial assets that are delivered to the options holders when options are exercised. Delta - the amount by which an option for a call option, while the reverse is true for put options. For more detailed explanation on Delta and other option greeks, please go to Options Delta . Delta Neutral - When positive delta options and negative delta options offset each other to produce a position which neither gains nor decreases in value as the underlying stock moves slightly up or down. Such a position will return a profit no matter which way the underlying stock eventually moves as long as the move is significant. Learn How To Perform Delta Neutral Trading . Delta Spread - A ratio spread that is established as a neutral position by utilizing the deltas of the options involved. The neutral ratio is determined by dividing the delta of the purchased option by the delta of the written option. Derivatives - A financial instrument whose value is derived in part from the value and characteristics of another financial instrument. Examples of derivatives are options, futures and warrants. Diagonal Call Time Spread - A neutral options trading strategy profiting primarily through time decay by buying long term at the money call options and shorting short term out of the money call options against them. Read the Diagonal Call Time Spread Tutorial. Diagonal Spread - An options spread on the same underlying, same type but different expiration month and strike. Read the Diagonal Spread Tutorial. Discount - An option is trading at a discount if it is trading for less than its intrinsic value. A future is trading at a discount if it is trading at a price less than the cash price of its underlying index or commodity. See also Intrinsic Value and Parity. Discount Broker - A brokerage firm that offers low commission rates. Get A List Of Option Brokers Here Dividend - When a company pays a share of the profit to existing shareholders. This share of profit may be in cash or options. Read about the Effects of Dividends on Stock Options . Downside Protection - Generally used in connection with covered call writing, this is the cushion against loss, in case of a price decline by the underlying security, that is afforded by the written call option. Alternatively, it may be expressed in terms of the distance the stock could fall before the total position becomes a loss (an amount equal to the option premium), or it can be expressed as percentage of the current stock price. Dynamic Hedging - A hedging technique which requires constantly rebalancing in order to maintain the hedge ratio. Early Exercise (assignment) - The exercise or assignment of an option contract before its expiration date. Employee Stock Options - Stock options granted to employees by their companies as a mean of compensation and incentive. Read More About Employee Stock Options. Equity Option - An option that has common stock as its underlying security. ETF - Exchange Traded Funds. Open ended funds tradable over an exchange just like a stock. ETFs made it possible for investors to invest in a variety of other instruments like gold and silver just like investing in stocks. European Exercise - A feature of an option that stipulates that the option may only be exercised at its expiration. Therefore, there can be no early assignment with this type of option. Read The Tutorial On European Style Options. Exercise - To invoke the right granted under the terms of a listed options contract. The holder is the one who exercises. Call holders exercise to buy the underlying security, while put holders exercise to sell the underlying security. Read the tutorial on how to Exercise an Option . Exercise Limit - The limit on the number of contracts which a holder can exercise in a fixed period of time. Set by the appropriate option exchange, it is designed to prevent an investor or group of investors from the market in a stock. Exercise Price - The price at which the option holder may buy or sell the underlying security, as defined in the terms of his option contract. It is the price at which the call holder may exercise to buy the underlying security or the put holder may exercise to sell the underlying security. For listed options, the exercise price is the same as the Strike Price. Expected Return - A rather complex mathematical analysis involving statistical distribution of stock prices, it is the return which an investor might expect to make on an investment if he were to make exactly the same investment many times throughout history. Expiration Date - The day on which an option contract becomes void. The expiration date for listed stock options is the Saturday after the third Friday of the expiration month. All holders of options must indicate their desire to exercise, if they wish to do so, by this date. Read the full tutorial on Options Expiration . Expiration Time - The time of day by which all exercise notices must be received on the expiration date. Technically, the expiration time is currently 5:00 PM on the expiration date, but public holders of option contracts must indicate their desire to exercise no later than 5:30 PM on the business day preceding the expiration date. The times are Eastern Time. Expire Worthless - When out of the money options lose all their value and expire on expiration day. Read the full tutorial on Expire Worthless. Extrinsic Value - Also known as Premium Value or Time Value . It is the difference between an option s price and the intrinsic value. Read the full tutorial on Extrinsic Value. Fair Value - A term used to describe the worth of an option or futures contract as determined by a mathematical model. Fiduciary Call - An option trading stratey which buys call options as a replacement for a protective put or married put in the same proportion. Read More About Fiduciary Calls Here Financial Instrument - A physical or electronic document that has intrinsic monetary value or transfers value. For example, cash, shares, futures, options and precious metals are financial instruments. Frontspreads - Options strategies designed to profit from neutral market conditions where prices change very little. Read more about Frontspreads. Fundamental Analysis - A method of analyzing the prospects of a security by observing accepted accounting measures such as earnings, sales, assets, and so on. Gamma - The rate of change of a stock option s delta for one unit change in the price of the underlying stock. Read All About Options Gamma. Gamma Neutral - A position which has zero or near zero gamma value resulting in the delta value of the position staying stagnant no matter how its underlying stock moves. Read All About Gamma Neutral. Goldilock Economy - An economy that has steady growth and moderate inflation which is neither too heated nor cold and allows for stock market friendly monetary policies. Good Until Canceled (GTC) - A designation applied to some types of orders, meaning that the order remains in effect until it is either filled or cancelled. Read All About Options Orders Here Going Forward - Analyst s Jargon. Meaning In The Future . 12 months going forward means 12 months in the future. Greeks - A set of mathematical criteria involved in the calculation of stock option prices. Please read more about Option Greeks. Grocession - A prolonged period of 0 to 2 growth in GDP that will feel like a recession. Hedge - Transactions that will protect against loss through a compensatory price movement. Read All About Hedging Here Hedge Ratio - The mathematical quantity that is equal to the delta of an option. It is useful in facilitation in that a theoretically riskless hedge can be established by taking offsetting positions in the underlying stock and its call or put options. Read All About Hedge Ratio Here Historical Volatility - Volatility of past price movement of the underlying asset. Also known as Realised Volatility. Horizontal Call Time Spread - An option strategy in which longer term at the money call options are bought and short term at the money call options are written in order to profit when the underlying stock remains stagnant. Read the tutorial on Horizontal Call Time Spread. Horizontal Put Time Spread - An option strategy in which longer term at the money put options are bought and short term at the money put options are written in order to profit when the underlying stock remains stagnant. Read the tutorial on Horizontal Put Time Spread. Horizontal Spread - An option strategy in which the options have the same strike price, but different expiration dates. Implied Volatility - A measure of the volatility of the underlying stock, it is determined by using prices currently existing in the market at the time, rather than using historical data on the price changes of the underlying stock. Read more about Implied Volatility . Incremental Return Concept - A strategy of covered call writing in which the investor is striving to earn an additional return from option writing against a stock position which he is targeted to sell-possibly at substantially higher prices. Index - A compilation of the prices of several common entities into a single number. Index Option - An option whose underlying asset is an index instead of a hard asset such as stocks. Most index options are cash-based. Read the full tutorial on Index Options. In the Money - A term describing any option contract that has intrinsic value. A call option is in-the-money if the underlying security is higher than the strike price of the call. A put option is in-the-money if the security is below the strike price. Read ALL About In The Money Options here. Intrinsic Value - The value of an option if it were to expire immediately with the underlying stock at its current price the amount by which an option is in-the-money. For call options, this is the difference between the stock price and the striking price, if that difference is a positive number, or zero otherwise. For put options it is the difference between the striking price and the stock price, if that difference is positive, and zero otherwise. Read the full tutorial on Intrinsic Value Last Trading Day - The third Friday of the expiration month. Options cease trading at 3:00 PM Eastern Time on the last trading day. Leg - (Verb) A risk oriented method of establishing a two-sided position. Rather than entering into a simultaneous transaction to establish the position (a spread, for example), the trader first executes one side of the position, hoping to execute the other side at a later time and a better price. The risk materializes from the fact that a better price may never be available, and a worse price must eventually be accepted. (Noun) In an option strategy involving many kinds of options, each option type is known as a leg. Read the full tutorial on Options Leg Legging - Entering each leg of a complex options trading position seperately and individually. Read the full tutorial on Legging LEAPS - Long-Term Equity Anicipation Securities. Simply said, it is option contracts that expires 1 year or more in the future. Sometimes option contracts that expires 6 months to a year later are also known as a LEAPS. Read more aboutLEAPs . Level II Quotes - Real time quotes provided by NASDAQ outlining the specific bid ask spread provided by each market maker. Read All About Level II Quotes Here . Leverage - In investments, the attainment of greater percentage profit and risk potential. A call holder has leverage with respect to a stock holder-the former will have greater percentage profits and losses than the latter, for the same movement in the underlying stock. Read About How To Calculate Options Leverage. Limit - See Trading Limit. Limit Order - An order to buy or sell securities at a specified price (the limit). Read more about Limit Order . Liquid / Liquidity - The ease at which a purchase or sale can be made without disrupting existing market prices. Read About What Affects Stock Option Liquidity Here Listed Option - A put or call option that is traded on a national option exchange. Listed options have fixed striking prices and expiration dates. Long - To be long is to own something. Read more about Long Options Positions. LookBack Options - Exotic options which allows the holder to Look Back at the price action of the underlying asset during expiration to decide the optimal price at which to exercise the Lookbacks Options. Read More About LookBack Options Here Margin (stocks) - To buy a security by borrowing funds from a brokerage house. The margin requirement-the maximum percentage of the investment that can be loaned by the brokerage firm-is set by the Federal Reserve Board. Margin (options) - Cash deposit needed to be held in account when writing options. Read the full tutorial on Options Margin. Marked-To-Model - A valuation method using financial models for level 2 assets, which are less liquid assets that are hard to value due to an absence of a readily available market. Market Maker - An exchange member whose function is to aid in the making of a market, by making bids and offers for his account in the absence of public buy or sell orders. Several market-makers are normally assigned to a particular security. The market-maker system encompasses the market-makers and the board brokers. Read All About Market Makers Here Market Order - An order to buy or sell securities at the current market price. The order will be filled as long as there is a market for the security. Read All About Options Market Order Market On Close (MOC) - An option trading order that fills a position at or near market close. Read All About Options Orders Here Married Put and Stock - a put and stock are considered to be married if they are bought on the same day, and the position is designated at that time as a hedge. Read More About Married Puts Here Mini Index Options - Index options that are only one-tenth the size of regular index options. Read More About Mini Index Options Here Mini Options - Stock options that covers only 10 shares instead of 100 shares. Read More About Mini Options Here Model - A mathematical formula designed to price an option as a function of certain variables-generally stock price, striking price, volatility, time to expiration, dividends to be paid, and the current risk-free interest rate. The Black-Scholes model is one of the more widely used models. Moneyness - The strike price of an option in relation to the prevailing price of the underlying asset. Read More About Moneyness Here Multiple Compression - Where the overall market sell off over a period of time in order to generally reduce PE ratios across the board due to pessimism about the macro economy. Multiple Expansion - Where the overall market rallies over a period of time in order to generally increase PE ratios across the board due to optimism about the macro economy. NASDAQ - National Association of Securities Dealers Automatic Quotation System. It is an electronic market place in USA where securities are listed and traded electronically. Naked Option - see Uncovered Option. Narrow Based - Generally referring to an index, it indicates that the index is composed of only a few stocks, generally in a specific industry group. Narrow-based indices are NOT subject to favorable treatment for naked option writers. Near The Money Options - Options with strike prices near to the spot price of the underlying stock. Read the tutorial on Near The Money Options . Neutral - Describing an opinion that is neither bearish or bullish. Neutral option strategies are generally designed to perform best if there is little or no net change in the price of the underlying stock. Neutral Options Strategies - Different ways to use options in order profit a stock remains stagnant or within a tight trading range. Read the tutorial on Neutral Options Strategies . Non-Equity Option - An option whose underlying entity is not common stock typically refers to options on physical commodities, but may also be extended to include index options. One Sided Market - A market condition where there are significantly more sellers than buyers or more buyers than sellers. In this case, there are not enough buyers putting up offers to buy from sellers or that there are not enough sellers putting up offers to sell to buyers. Open Interest - The net total of outstanding open contracts in a particular option series. An opening transaction increases the open interest, while any closing transaction reduces the open interest. Read More About Volume and Open Interest . Option - The right to buy or sell specific securities at a specified price within a specified time. A put gives the holder the right to sell the stock, a call the right to buy the stock. Options Chains - Tables presenting the various options that a stock offers over various strike price and expiration dates. Read the full tutorial on Options Chains . Options Contracts - Contingent claims contracts that allows its holder to buy or sell a specific asset when exercised. Read the full tutorial on Options Contracts . Options on Futures - Options that have futures contracts as their underlying asset. Read the full tutorial on Options on Futures . Optionable Stocks - Stocks with tradable options. Option Pain - Also known as Max Pain or Max Option Pain. It is the stock price which will result in the most number of options contracts expiring out of the money. Read More About Option Pain . Option Pricing Curve - A graphical representation of the projected price of an option at a fixed point in time. It reflects the amount of time value premium in the option for various stock prices, as well. The curve is generated by using a mathematical model. The delta (or hedge ratio) is the slope of a tangent line to the curve at a fixed stock price. Option Trader - Also known as Options Trader. It is anyone who buys and sells options in the capital market. Read more about Option Traders . Option Trading - Also known as Options Trading. It is the buying and selling of stock and index options in the capital market so as to speculate for leveraged profits in every market condition or perform hedging to reduce portfolio risk. Read more about Option Trading . Options Clearing Corporation (OCC) - The issuer of all listed option contracts that are trading on the national option exchanges. Options Margin - See Margin (Options) . Options Trading - The buying and selling of stock and index options in the capital market so as to speculate for leveraged profits in every market condition or perform hedging to reduce portfolio risk. Read more about Options Trading . Options Trader - Anyone who buys and sells options in the capital market. Read more about Option Trading . Options Strategist - An investment professional who specializes in research, analysis and execution of options strategies. Options Symbol - A string of alphabets that define specific options contracts. Can be referred to as the name of an options contract. Read more about Reading Options Symbols. Out of the Money - Describing an option that has no intrinsic value. A call option is out-of-the-money if the stock is below the strike price of the call, while a put option is out-of-the-money if the stock is higher than the strike price of the put. Read More About Out Of The Money Options . Over-the-Counter Option (OTC) - An option traded over-the-counter, as opposed to a listed stock option. The OTC option has a direct link between buyer and seller, has no secondary market, and has no standardization of striking prices and expiration dates. Overvalued - Describing a security trading at a higher price than it logically should. Normally associated with the results of option price predictions by mathematical models. If an option is trading in the market for a higher price than the model indicates, the option is said to be overvalued. Parity - Describing an in-the-money option trading for its intrinsic value: that is, an option trading at parity with the underlying stock. Also used as a point of reference-an option is sometimes said to be trading at a half-point over parity or at a quarter-point under parity, for example. An option trading under parity is a discount option. Physical Option - An option whose underlying security is a physical commodity that is not stock or futures. The physical commodity itself typically a currency or Treasury debt issue-underlies that option contract. Physically Settled Option - An option which the actual underlying asset exchange hands when exercised. Read more about Physically Settled Options. Portfolio - Holdings of securities by an individual or institution. A portfolio may contain options of different stocks or a combination of shares, options and other financial instruments. Position - Specific securities in an account or strategy. A covered call writing position might be long 1,000 XYZ and short 10 XYZ January 30 calls. It also refers to facilitate buy or sell a block of securities, thereby establishing a position. Position Trading - The use of options trading strategies in order to profit from the unique opportunities presented by stock options, such as time decay, volatility and even arbitrage to make safe, fixed, albeit lower profit. Read more about Options Trading Styles . Premium - The total price of an option contract is made up of the sum of the intrinsic value and the time value premium. Even though most people refer to the price of an option contract as the Premium , it is actually an inaccurate expression. The Premium of an option contract is the part of the price that is not intrinsic. Please read more about Options Premium. Premium Over Parity - See Extrinsic Value. Profit Range - The range within which a particular position makes a profit. Generally used in reference to strategies that have two break-even points-an upside break-even and a downside breakeven. The price range between the two break-even points would be the profit range. Profit Table - A table of results of a particular strategy at some point in time. This is usually a tabular compilation of the data drawn on a profit graph. Protected Strategy - A position that has limited risk. A protected short sale (short stock, long call) has limited risk, as does a protected straddle write (short straddle, long out-of-the-money combination). The Ride The Flow System is an example of a protected strategy. Protective Call - An option trading hedging strategy that protects profits made in a short stock position using call options. Read More About Protective call Here Protective Put - An option trading hedging strategy that hedges against a drop in stock price using put options. Read More About Protective Put Here Public Book (of orders) - The orders to buy or sell, entered by the public, that are away from the current market. The board broker or specialist keeps the public book. Market-makers on the CBOE can see the highest bid and lowest offer at any time. The specialist s book is closed (only he knows at what price and in what quantity the nearest public orders are). Pull back - A temporary fall in price after a rally. The rally usually continues after a Pull Back. This is also known as a Correction . Put Broken Wing Butterfly Spread - A Butterfly Spread with a skewed risk/reward profile which makes no losses or even a slight credit when the underlying stock breaks to upside. This is achieved by buying further strike out of the money put options than a regular butterfly spread. Read the tutorial on Put Broken Wing Butterfly Spread . Put Broken Wing Condor Spread - A Put Condor Spread with a skewed risk/reward profile which makes no losses or even a slight credit when the underlying stock breaks to upside. This is achieved by buying further strike out of the money put options than a regular put condor spread. Read the tutorial on Put Broken Wing Condor Spread . Put - An option granting the holder the right to sell the underlying security at a certain price for a specified period of time. See also Call. Read About Put Options Here . Put Call Parity - Put Call Parity is an option pricing concept that requires the extrinsic values of call and put options to be in equilibrium so as to prevent arbitrage. Put Call Parity is also known as the Law Of One Price. Read About Put Call Parity Here . Put Call Ratio - The ratio of the number of open put options against the number of open call options. The higher the resulting number, the more put options are bought or shorted on the underlying asset. For daily total equity put call ratio, please visit Option Trader s HQ. Read more about Put Call Ratio . Put Ratio Backspread - A credit options trading strategy with unlimited profit to downside and limited profit to upside through buying more out of the money puts than in the money puts are shorted. Read the tutorial on Call Ratio Backspread . Put Ratio Spread - A credit options trading strategy with the ability to profit when a stock goes up, down or sideways through shorting more out of the money puts than in the money puts are bought. Read the tutorial on Put Ratio Spread . Quadruple Witching - The third Friday of March, June, September and December when Index Futures, Index Options, Stock Futures and Stock Options expire. This is one of the most volatile trading days of the year, with exceptionally high trading volume. Read all about Quadruple Witching . Quarterlies / Quarterly Options - Options with quarterly expiration cycle. Read more about Quarterly Options . Ratio Backspread - Credit volatile options trading strategy that opens up one leg for unlimited profit through selling a smaller amount of in the money options against the purchase of at the money or out of the money options of the same type. Read the Tutorial on Ratio Backspreads . Ratio Calendar Combination - A strategy consisting of a simultaneous position of a ratio calendar spread using calls and a similar position using puts, where the striking price of the calls is greater than the striking price of the puts. Ratio Calendar Spread - Selling more near-term options than longer-term ones purchased, all with the same strike either puts or calls. Ratio Spread - Constructed with either puts or calls, the strategy consists of buying a certain amount of options and then selling a larger quantity of out-of-the-money options. Ratio Strategy - A strategy in which one has an unequal number of long securities and short securities. Normally, it implies a preponderance of short options over either long options or long stock. Ratio Write - Buying stock and selling a preponderance of calls against the stock that is owned. Realize (a profit or loss) - The act of closing a position, incurring a profit or a loss. As long as a position is not closed, the profit or loss remains unrealized. Resistance - A term in technical analysis indicating a price area higher than the current stock price where an abundance of supply exists for the stock, and therefore the stock may have trouble rising through the price. Reward / Risk Ratio - A gauge of how risky a position can be by dividing its maximum profit potential against the maximum loss potential. A ratio of above 1 means that the potential reward is higher than the potential loss. Read the full tutorial on Calculating Reward Risk Ratio . Return On Investment (ROI) - The percentage profit that one makes, or might make, on his investment. Return If Exercised - The return that a covered call writer would make if the underlying stock were called away. Return If Unchanged - The return that an investor would make on a particular position if the underlying stock were unchanged in price at the expiration of the options in the position. Reversal - The transformation of a short stock position into a position which is long the stock using options, without closing the original short stock position, through the use of synthetic positions. Read more about reversals and synthetic positions. Reverse Hedge - A strategy in which one sells the underlying stock short and buys calls on more shares than he has sold short. This is also called a synthetic straddle and is an outmoded strategy for stocks that have listed puts trading. Reverse Strategy - A general name that is given to strategies which are the opposite of better known strategies. For example, a ratio spread consists of buying calls at a lower strike and selling more calls at a higher strike. A reverse ratio spread also known as a backspread consists of selling the calls at the lower strike and buying more calls at the higher strike. The results are obviously directly opposite to each other. Risk Graph - A graphical representation of the risk/reward profile of an option position. Learn All About Risk Graphs Now Risk Free Return - Profit on a risk free investment instrument such as the Treasury bills. It is a common standard of measuring the opportunity cost of having your money in anything other than Treasury bills. Roll Down - Close out options at one strike and simultaneously open other options at a lower strike. Read the tutorial about Roll Down . Roll Forward - Close out options at a near-term expiration date and open options at a longer-term expiration date. Read the tutorial about Roll Forward . Rolling - A follow up action in which the strategist closes options currently in the position and opens other options with different terms, on the same underlying stock. Roll Up - Close out options at a lower strike and open options at a higher strike. Read the tutorial about Roll Up . Rotation - A trading procedure on the option exchanges whereby bids and offers, but not necessarily trades, are made sequentially for each series of options on an underlying stock. Russell Sage - Renowned American Politician and Financier who introduced OTC call and put options in 1872. Read about the History of Options Trading Security / Securities - (finance) A tradable financial instrument signifying ownership in financial assets issued by companies or governments. Such financial assets includes but are not restricted to stocks, bonds, futures and debts. Sell To Close - Closing a position by selling an option contract you own. Learn About Sell To Close Now Sell To Open - Opening a position by selling an option contract to a buyer. Learn About Sell To Open Now Selling Climax - Exceptionally heavy volume created when panic-stricken investors dump stocks. Often this marks the end of a bear market and is a spot to buy. Series - An option contracts on the same underlying stock having the same striking price, expiration date, and unit of trading. Settlement - The resolution of the terms of an options contract between the holder and the writer when the options contract is exercised. Read the full tutorial on Options Settlement. Short (to be short) - To Short means to Sell To Open. That means to write or sell an options contract to a buyer. This gives you the obligation to fulfill the exercise of the option should the buyer decides to do so. Read all about Short Options Positions Short Backspread - Volatile options strategies which are set up with a net credit and unlimited profit potential in one direction. Short Calendar Spread - Volatile options strategies that profit primarily through the difference in time decay of long term and short term options, achieved through writing longer term options and buying short term options. Read the full tutorial on Short Calendar Spreads . Short Horizontal Calendar Call Spread - Short Calendar Spread that uses only call options. Read the full tutorial on Short Horizontal Calendar Call Spreads . Short Covering - The process of buying back stock that has already been sold short. Spread - An options position consisting of more than one type of options on a single underlying asset. Read the full tutorial on Options Spreads. Spread Order - An order to simultaneously transact two or more option trades. Typically, one option would be bought while another would simultaneously be sold. Spread orders may be limit orders, not held orders, or orders with discretion. They cannot be stop orders, however. The spread order may be either a debit or credit. Spread Strategy - Any option position having both long options and short options of the same type on the same underlying security. Static Hedging - A hedging technique where a hedging trade is established and held without needing to rebalance. Stock Options - Options contracts with shares as the underlying asset. Read All About Stock Options. Stock Replacement Strategy - A trading strategy that seeks to reduce risk and volatility through owning deep in the money call options instead of the stock itself and using the remaining cash for hedging. Read All About Stock Replacement Strategy. Stock Repair Strategy - An options strategy that aims to recover lost value in a stock quickly through writing call options against it. Read All About Stock Repair Strategy. Stop Limit Order - Similar to a stop order, the stop-limit order becomes a limit order, rather than a market order, when the security trades at the price specified on the stop. Read All About Options Stop Loss Here Stop Order - A traditional stop loss method which closes a position when a predetermined price is hit. Read All About Options Orders Here Straddle - The purchase or sale of an equal number of puts and calls having the same terms. Strip Straddle - A Straddle with more put options than call options. Read the full tutorial on Strip Straddle. Strap Straddle - A Straddle with more call options than put options. Read the full tutorial on Strap Straddle. Strategy - With respect to option investments, a preconceived, logical plan of position selection and follow-up action. Strike Arbitrage - An options arbitrage strategy that locks in discrepancies in options pricing between strike prices for a risk-free arbitrage. Read More About Strike Arbitrage. Strike Price - The price at which the buyer of a call can purchase the stock during the life of the option or the price at which the buyer of a put can sell the stock during the life of the option. Read More About Strike Prices. Structured Warrants - An alternative to stock options which works almost exactly like stock options and traded in markets such as the Singapore market. See how Structured Warrants Are Traded In The Singapore Market. Support - A term in technical analysis indicating a price area lower than the current price of the stock, where demand is thought to exist. Thus a stock would stop declining when it reached a support area. See also Resistance. Swing Trading - A trading methodology that trades short term price swings for short term profits. Read more about Options Trading Styles. Synthetic Position - A combination of stocks and/or options that return the same payoff characteristics of another stock or option position. Synthetic Put - A security which some brokerage firms offer to their customers. The broker sells stock short and buys a call, while the customer receives the synthetic put. This is not a listed security, but a secondary market is available as long as there is a secondary market in the calls. Synthetic Stock - An option strategy that is equivalent to the underlying stock. A long call and a short put is synthetic long stock. A long put and a short call is synthetic short stock. Synthetic Short Straddle - A combination of stocks and call options which produces the same payoff characteristics as a Short Straddle. Read More About Synthetic Short Straddle. Synthetic Straddle - A combination of stocks and call options which produces the same payoff characteristics as a Long Straddle. Read More About Synthetic Straddle. Systematic Risk / Systemic Risk - Overall market risk that cannot be diversified away using a diversified portfolio based in the same market. Take Delivery - To fulfill the obligation of buying stocks when put options that you sold becomes exercised. Technical Analysis - The method of predicting future stock price movements based on observation of historical stock price movements. Thales of Miletus - The creator of options back in 332BC. Read about the History of Options Trading Theoretical Value - The price of an option, or a spread, as computed by a mathematical model. Theta - One of the 5 option greeks. Theta determines the rate of time decay of an option contract s premium. For more details on how Theta works and how it is calculated, please visit Option Greeks. Ticker Symbol - Symbol representing the shares and options of a company s shares traded in the stock market. MSFT is the ticker symbol for Micrsoft shares while MSQFB is the ticker symbol for Microsoft s June29Call options. Time Decay - The reduction of a stock option s extrinsic value as expiration date draws nearer. See Theta above. Read the full tutorial on Time Decay . Time Spread - see Calendar Spread. Read the full tutorial on Time Spreads. Time Value - Also known as Premium Value or Extrinsic Value . It is the difference between an option s price and the intrinsic value. Read more about how Stock Options Are Priced. Topping Out - A peak point where the sellers begin to outnumber the buyers. Total Return Concept - A covered call writing strategy in which one views the potential profit of the strategy as the sum of capital gains, dividends, and option premium income, rather than viewing each one of the three separately. Trading Limit - The exchange imposed maximum daily price change that a futures contract or futures option contract can undergo. Trend - The direction of a price movement. A trend in motion is assumed to remain intact until there is a clear change. Triple Witching - Prior to 2001. The third Friday of March, June, September, and December, when stock options, index futures and options on index futures expire. After 2001, the introduction of Single Stock Futures transformed Triple Witching into Quadruple Witching as single stock futures expire on the third Friday of every quarterly month as well. Type - The designation to distinguish between a put or call option. Uncovered Option - A written option is considered to be uncovered if the investor does not have a corresponding position in the underlying security. Underlying Asset - The security which one has the right to buy or sell via the terms of a listed option contract. An underlying asset can be any financial instrument on which option contracts can be written based on. Some examples are. Stocks, ETFs, Commodities, Forex, Index. Undervalued - Describing a security that is trading at a lower price than it logically should. Usually determined by the use of a mathematical model. Variable Ratio Write - An option strategy in which the investor owns 100 shares of the underlying security and writes two call options against it, each option having a different striking price. Vertical Spread - Any option spread strategy in which the options have different striking prices, but the same expiration date. Read the full tutorial on Vertical Spreads . Vertical Ratio Spread - Vertical spreads that buy and short an unequal number of options on each leg. Read the full tutorial on Vertical Ratio Spreads . VIX - An index measuring the level of implied volatility in US index options and is used as a measurement of volatility in the US stock market. Read More About VIX . VIX Options - Non-equity options based on the CBOE VIX. Read More About VIX Options . Volatile - A stock or market that is expected to move up or down unexpectedly or drastically is known as a volatile market or stock. Volatile Strategy - An option strategy that is constructed to profit no matter if the underlying stock moves up or down quickly. Read All About Volatile Option Strategies . Volatility - A measure of the amount by which an underlying security is expected to fluctuate in a given period of time. Generally measured by the annual standard deviation of the daily price changes in the security, volatility is not equal to the Beta of the stock. Read More About Volatility . Volatility Crunch - A sudden, dramatic, drop in implied volatility resulting in a sharp reduction in extrinsic value and hence the price of options. Read More About Volatility Crunch . Volatility Index - Also known as VXN, is an index by the CBOE that measures volatility in the market using implied volatility of S P500 stock index options. Volatility Skew - A graphical characteristic of the implied volatility of options of the same underlying asset across different strikes forming a right skewed curve. Read More About Volatiliy Skew . Volatility Smile - A graphical characteristic of the implied volatility of options of the same underlying asset across different strikes forming the concave shape of a smile. Read More About Volatiliy Smile . Volume - The number of transactions that took place in a trading day. Read More About Volume and Open Interest . Write - To short an option. This is the act of creating a new options contract and selling it in the exchange using the Sell To Open order. The person who writes an option is known as the Writer . Read the full tutorial on Options Writing . WALK LIMIT mark is a type of automated limit order that walks your order from the National Best Bid or Offer (NBBO) in prescribed time and price increments up to (or down to) the asking price (bid price) in order to save you time while attempting to get the best fill prices for the orders. Important Disclaimer . Las opciones implican riesgo y no son adecuadas para todos los inversores. 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